What is dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)?

Dyspareunia is persistent or recurrent genital pain experienced during or after sexual intercourse. Although more common in women, this condition can also occur in men and can seriously affect quality of life not only physically but also psychologically, emotionally and socially.

Dr Serpil Kırım, a specialist in women's health in Istanbul, treats dyspareunia using a holistic medical approach, addressing both physical causes and psychological effects.

What causes dyspareunia?

Dyspareunia is a multifaceted health issue. Rather than being linked to a single cause, it arises from a combination of various physical and psychological factors. We can examine its causes in two main groups:

Physical Causes

· Vaginal infections (fungal, bacterial vaginosis, etc.)

· Vaginal dryness (especially during menopause)

· Endometriosis

· Ovarian cysts

· Tears or stitches following vaginal delivery

· Vaginal narrowing or adhesions

· Skin diseases such as lichen sclerosus and vulvar vestibulitis

· Scar tissue formed after gynaecological operations

Psychological Reasons

· Sexual trauma or bad experiences

· Anxiety and depression

· Relationship problems

· Misconceptions about sexuality

· Vaginismus (involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles)

Serpil Kırım does not treat dyspareunia solely as a physical problem; she develops detailed analyses and supportive protocols within the framework of mind-body unity.

Types of Dyspareunia

· Superficial Dyspareunia: Pain is felt at the entrance to the vagina. It is usually associated with vaginal dryness, infection or psychological causes.

· Deep Dyspareunia: Pain is experienced in the depths of the vagina or in the uterine region. Conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammation are frequently seen.

Both types require different assessment and treatment protocols.

How is Dyspareunia Diagnosed?

A detailed gynaecological examination, ultrasound and, if necessary, pelvic MRI imaging may be performed to diagnose dyspareunia. The patient's sexual history, psychological state and hormone levels should also be assessed.

Dr Serpil Kırım offers her patients a supportive diagnostic process at this stage, alongside conventional medical approaches, using the following methods:

· Functional hormone tests

· Vaginal flora analysis

· Pelvic floor muscle strength measurements

· Comprehensive assessment forms and counselling

How is Dyspareunia Treated?

Treatment is personalised according to the type of cause. It is not based on a single prescription; it is approached through a multi-faceted programme.

1. Medical Approach

· Infection treatments

· Oestrogen creams for vaginal dryness

· Anti-inflammatory drugs

· Muscle relaxant applications

· Vaginal rejuvenation with laser or PRP

2. Surgical Interventions

· If there is a vaginal septum (congenital membrane), it should be surgically removed

· Removal of endometriosis foci

· Vaginal aesthetic surgery (if necessary)

3. Approach to Dyspareunia with Holistic Medicine

The holistic medical protocol applied by Serpil Kırımyields highly effective results in the treatment of dyspareunia:

· Phytotherapy and herbal supplements (anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant effect)

· Tissue healing and immune activation with ozone therapy

· Functional nutrition programmes (particularly probiotic support for vaginal flora balance)

· Pelvic floor physiotherapy

· Psychological support and EMDR therapy (for past traumas)

· Sex therapy and relaxation exercises

Pain-Free Sexuality is Possible with Serpil Kırım's Holistic Treatment Approach

Sexuality is an important part of women's health, and when associated with pain, it can leave lasting effects not only on physical but also on mental health. Therefore, regardless of the source of the pain, an accurate diagnosis and a personalised treatment plan are essential.

Dr Serpil Kırım aims for both physical and emotional healing by offering a holistic approach that addresses not only the symptoms but also the root cause of dyspareunia. With these comprehensive treatment programmes offered at our clinic in Istanbul, we aim to improve women's quality of life. You can contact us for more information and to schedule a personal assessment appointment.